
Process Measurement Instruments – Flow, Temperature, Level & Pressure Measurement
KROHNE Flow Meters
Process Instrumentation for Industrial, Hazardous Area & Explosive Atmopheres
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
KROHNE flowmeters and measurement instruments provide accurate and reliable measurement of industrial liquids, gases and other media (including emulsions, corrosive liquids and gases) with a range of low/high flow rates.
KROHNE is a world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and explosive atmosphere process instrumentation – with over 30 worldwide approvals for hazardous area gas and dust Zones including ATEX, IECEx, usFMc, NEPSI, INMETRO, KGS, GOST-R and PESO/CCOE. The range of flowmeters manufactured by KROHNE incorporates multiple explosion proof and protection concepts – including IS (Intrinsically Safe) and Ex d (Flameproof) for flow measurement and metering in the hazardous area industries.

Flowmeters by KROHNE | the world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and hazardous area process instrumentation: flow meters, level meters, temperature meters and pressure measurement.
Background
A multinational oil and gas company explores and refines raw oil and natural gas in Northern Serbia. The oil and gas field stations have only recently been refurbished to meet the most complex production processes.
All facilities comprise of a wide range of energy consuming devices such as heavy fuel and gas boilers, steam heaters, glycol dehydrators and compressors. Most of the systems are fueled with natural gas from the gas fields.
Flow Measurement requirements
In order to control the energy efficiency of each of their gas field stations, the company decided to monitor the natural gas consumption of their systems as well as to detect technical losses due to soot formation in burners.
The customer was therefore searching for a cost-effective gas flow measuring technology to be mounted in more than 70 bypass lines. Given the volatile parameters of the medium, it was a requirement that temperature and pressure measurement (4…60 barg / 58…870 psig) be part of the solution. ATEX zones 2 Ex d ia approvals were also mandatory.
KROHNE Solution
The KROHNE representative, WIG DOO BEOGRAD, recommended using the Vortex flowmeter OPTISWIRL 4070 C, thereby prevailing over competitor solutions using turbine meters, rotary gas meters or multivariable transmitters.
The operator installed more than 70 Vortex flowmeters from KROHNE at the gas field stations. The instruments were mounted in bypass lines to allow easy dismantling without process interruption. The majority of these lines were meant to be part of a permament system of piping with different nominal sizes from DN 15 / ½” to DN 100 / 4″ (classes: 150 lb, 300 lb and 600 lb).
At these measuring sites flowmeters with sandwich process connections were used. Five other flowmeters were fitted at mobile metering systems that allow for temporary flow measurement at 14 varying measuring sites. These flowmeters were installed with flanges and all devices have ATEX zone 2 [Ex d ia] approvals.
The vortex flowmeter measures the operating volume flow of natural gas as well as calculates an accumulated standard volume flow of as low as 4 Sm3/h). As all devices also feature integrated temperature and pressure sensors, they can compensate for the unsteady parameters of the medium. Their readings are provided via 4…20 mA HART to a control room, from where they are telemetrically transferred to a SCADA system.

KROHNE Flowmeters
Customer benefits
The operator of the oil and gas fields now benefits from reliable energy monitoring that enables them to get an accurate overall measurement of their own consumption. The OPTISWIRL is a cost effective alternative to mechanical gas flow meters as it is maintenance-free and features integrated temperature and pressure compensation.
It therefore requires no additional instrumentation to compensate for the unsteady parameters of the medium. This also makes the flowmeter a suitable device to control the maintenance requirements of burners and to prevent technical losses. Every time the nozzles of the burners start sooting, the pressure raises which can be effectively detected by the OPTISWIRL. As a result, predictive maintenance can be carried out, preventing costly process interruptions.
- Equipping more than 70 bypass lines with gas flow measuring devices
- Vortex flow measurement of natural gas with integrated pressure and temperature compensation
- Detecting technical losses due to soot formation in burners

Process Measurement Instruments – Flow, Temperature, Level & Pressure Measurement
KROHNE Flow Meters
Process Instrumentation for Industrial, Hazardous Area & Explosive Atmopheres
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
KROHNE flowmeters and measurement instruments provide accurate and reliable measurement of industrial liquids, gases and other media (including emulsions, corrosive liquids and gases) with a range of low/high flow rates.
KROHNE is a world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and explosive atmosphere process instrumentation – with over 30 worldwide approvals for hazardous area gas and dust Zones including ATEX, IECEx, usFMc, NEPSI, INMETRO, KGS, GOST-R and PESO/CCOE. The range of flowmeters manufactured by KROHNE incorporates multiple explosion proof and protection concepts – including IS (Intrinsically Safe) and Ex d (Flameproof) for flow measurement and metering in the hazardous area industries.

Flowmeters by KROHNE | the world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and hazardous area process instrumentation: flow meters, level meters, temperature meters and pressure measurement.
Background
STORZ GMBH ELEKTROTECHNIK based in Brühl, Germany, specialises in building mobile measuring systems. This also includes metering systems with their own electronics, developed by the family company for clients in many industries.
Flow Measurement requirements
For a chemical industry customer STORZ designed a mobile measuring system. The custody transfer system had to be designed to fill various sized tanks with zinc-chloride solution and similar liquids. A suitable flow measurement was the key element of this filling plant.
Medium:Â Zinc chloride solution
Measuring range: 2…20 t / h
Minimum measured quantity: 200 kg / 441 lb
Temperature: +10…+40 °C / +50…104 °F
Pressure: 2 barg / 29 psig
STORZ needed an appropriate instrumentation, which had to be chemically resistant and meet the system measurement requirements according to MI-005.
The suitable flowmeter must be able to handle a fast product exchange as well as be part of a completely drainable system. Due to the compact design of the mobile skid only a space saving, compact-device would be suitable.
KROHNE Solution
KROHNE provided the Coriolis mass flowmeter OPTIMASS 7300 C. The device has a compact design with a single straight tube. The application specifications ask for a titanium measuring tube (DN 25 / 1″).
The OPTIMASSÂ 7300Â C met all the requirements for an approved measurement system for liquids other than water. The measuring range of the mass flowmeter meets the requirements of the highest accuracy class of 0.3 according to OIML.

KROHNE Flowmeters
Customer benefits
The OPTIMASSÂ 7300Â C complies with all custody transfer metering requirements according to OIMLÂ R117 and MI-005. The exceptional linearity of the mass flowmeter as well as the high measurement accuracy provides incomparable performance measurement and reduced installation costs for CT systems.
The single tube design of OPTIMASSÂ 7300Â C is highly suitable for installation in this mobile measuring system. It is easy to clean and immune to fluid properties, and therefore suitable for applications with a fast product changeover. Space saving installation is achieved, which is impossible with a bent tube meter due to the construction of the mobile measuring system.
- Equipment for a mobile measuring system for a zinc-chloride solution using mass flow measurement
- Mass flow measurement according to MIDÂ MI-005
- Space saving installation using a straight tube meter

Process Measurement Instruments – Flow, Temperature, Level & Pressure Measurement
KROHNE Flow Meters
Process Instrumentation for Industrial, Hazardous Area & Explosive Atmopheres
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
KROHNE flowmeters and measurement instruments provide accurate and reliable measurement of industrial liquids, gases and other media (including emulsions, corrosive liquids and gases) with a range of low/high flow rates.
KROHNE is a world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and explosive atmosphere process instrumentation – with over 30 worldwide approvals for hazardous area gas and dust Zones including ATEX, IECEx, usFMc, NEPSI, INMETRO, KGS, GOST-R and PESO/CCOE. The range of flowmeters manufactured by KROHNE incorporates multiple explosion proof and protection concepts – including IS (Intrinsically Safe) and Ex d (Flameproof) for flow measurement and metering in the hazardous area industries.

Flowmeters by KROHNE | the world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and hazardous area process instrumentation: flow meters, level meters, temperature meters and pressure measurement.
Background
BahÃa de Bizkaia Gas (BBG) operates a plant for the reception, storage, regasification and loading of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the port of Bilbao, Spain. Only recently has the storage capacity been increased up to 450,000 m3 (15,891,600 ft3).
In this way, the company is able to receive larger LNG carriers as well as to load LNG carrier ships quickly and efficiently. The jetty can accept vessels of 270,000 m (9,534,960 ft3) storage capacity. The terminal has a maximum gas send-out rate of 800,000 Nm3/ h (498,442 SCFM).
Flow Measurement requirements
BBG were searching for Coriolis mass flowmeters to accurately and reliably measure LNG and BOG with flow rates ranging from 15…186 t/h. Due to the nature of the LNG application, it was critical that the meters were CT approved and conformed to Measuring Instruments Directive (MID) MI-005 for liquids other than water
Safety is a high priority for BBG which meant the meters required ATEXÂ approval for hazardous environments. They were also required to integrate with a flow computer for CTÂ metering.
KROHNE Solution
KROHNE delivered a complete custody transfer cryogenic system as part of a ship loading system approved according to MID 2014 /32/ EU. The OPTIMASS 6400 F mass flowmeter offered a solution for custody transfer loading and unloading of LNG. The KROHNE device features a twin V-shaped measuring tube made of stainless steel (316L). It was supplied in nominal size DN 150.
Another high accuracy (MI-002 approved) OPTIMASS 6400 flowmeter (DN 100) was also included to measure BOG produced by the loading process as it was returned to storage. In addition, KROHNE also provided the SUMMIT 8800, a digital flow computer for CT measurement. The flow computer transfers all measurement data to the distributed control system (DCS) via Modbus RS-485.
Measuring system (MID MI-005, 2014/32/EU) for ship loading of cryogenic liquids as suggested by KROHNE 1 LNG tank; 2 Pumps; 3 Valves; 4 OPTIMASS 6400 (MI-005 flowmeter); 5 OPTIMASS 6400 (master meter); 6 Pressure transmitter; 7 Temperature sensor; 8 Circulation line; 9 Pressure gauge; 10 Ship loading; 11 LNG tanker; 12 Line with boil-off gas (BOG); 13 OPTIMASS 6400 (MI-002 gas flowmeter); 14 SUMMIT 8800 flow computer; 15 Distributed control system (DCS)
Customer benefits
BBG benefits from a complete CTÂ system. The OPTIMASSÂ 6400 provides a high accuracy CTÂ measurement of LNG as well as a flow measurement of BOG. Due to its integrated Entrained Gas Management (EGM™), the meter continues to measure even during start-up phase when vapour break out might occur. The EGM™ functionality reduces the cooling time, enabling a faster loading and unloading process. The 2-phase flow diagnostics signal is used to control start/stop.
Using the OPTIMASSÂ 6400 with EGM™ functionality has helped BahÃa Bizcaia Gas to considerably increase the accuracy and repeatability of measurement and allowed them to better meet the production quality criteria. KROHNE fully complied with the quality requirements that BBG had for the measurement.
Working together with the main instrumentation vendor KROHNE payed off for the customer. From consultation to project management to the supply of the Coriolis mass flowmeters and the SUMMIT flow computer to the integration of the CT system into the customer’s DCS – everything has been provided from one source.
- High accuracy Coriolis mass flow measurement of LNG with a large flowrate
- Complete custody transfer (CT) measuring system for cryogenic liquids
- Continuous and consistent measurement results from start to finish even in the event of entrained BOG (Boil-off Gas)

Process Measurement Instruments – Flow, Temperature, Level & Pressure Measurement
KROHNE Flow Meters
Process Instrumentation for Industrial, Hazardous Area & Explosive Atmopheres
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
KROHNE flowmeters and measurement instruments provide accurate and reliable measurement of industrial liquids, gases and other media (including emulsions, corrosive liquids and gases) with a range of low/high flow rates.
KROHNE is a world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and explosive atmosphere process instrumentation – with over 30 worldwide approvals for hazardous area gas and dust Zones including ATEX, IECEx, usFMc, NEPSI, INMETRO, KGS, GOST-R and PESO/CCOE. The range of flowmeters manufactured by KROHNE incorporates multiple explosion proof and protection concepts – including IS (Intrinsically Safe) and Ex d (Flameproof) for flow measurement and metering in the hazardous area industries.

Flowmeters by KROHNE | the world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and hazardous area process instrumentation: flow meters, level meters, temperature meters and pressure measurement.
Background
Cetil Dispensing Technology, S.L., located in Algete, Spain, is specialised in the field of fuel handling. The company produces among others fuel dispensers, systems for tank truck and loading racks as well as refuelling equipment.
The manufacture’s fuel dispenser portfolio ranges from CNG and LNG dispensers to dispensers for LPG, AdBlue® or multiproduct applications.
Flow Measurement requirements
For ESK, a specialist company for the transport of dangerous goods, Cetil designed a dispensing system for loading and unloading of LNG  (with a flow rate of up to 50,000 kg/h / 1837 lb / min). The dispenser was to be used for custody transfer (CT) operations on trucks.
LNG is a challenging product to measure. For loading, discharge, storage and transport it needs to be cooled down below its boiling temperature of -161.48 °C / -248 °F. Above that temperature the medium tends to evaporate, producing boil-off gas (BOG) that leads to gas entrainment.
This frequently occurs at the beginning of loading procedures when the pipeline used for transportation has a much higher temperature than the liquefied gas. As a rule, a certain amount of LNG has therefore to be fed through the line to cool it down to the extent that custody transfer operations can be carried out.
This is a costly and time-consuming procedure, involving significant product loss. Only if the pipeline is cooled down by the LNG, can the actual LNG measurement start.
Conventional Coriolis mass flowmeters have not been able to identify the point in time when the amount of BOG in the medium has significantly decreased so as to start with loading. They indeed switch to error mode whenever gas entrainments (vapour breakthrough) occur and have to be restarted.
The customer was therefore searching for an MI-005 approved flowmeter (in accordance with the Measurement Directive 2014/ 32/EU) that is also able to continue measurement in the event of two-phase flow. It was another measurement objective to optimise the loading process by identifying the vapour breakthrough.
Krohne Solution
KROHNE recommended using the OPTIMASS 6400 for the truck-mounted CT system. The Coriolis mass flowmeter with V-shaped measuring tube is designed for CT measurement in cryogenic applications down to -200 °C / -328 °F. The flowmeter was installed with a DN 50 stainless steel measuring tube and equipped with insulation casing.
Unlike conventional mass flowmeters the KROHNE device provides reliable readings even in the event of gas entrainment of up to 100Â %. Using its Entrained Gas Management (EGM™) functionality, the OPTIMASSÂ 6400 enables continuous and uninterrupted flow measurement, even if LNG contains a high amount of BOG. The device also provides the operator with a 2-phase-signal, indicating whenever BOG occurs in the process.

KROHNE Flowmeters
Customer benefits
The OPTIMASSÂ 6400 does not only comply with the requirements of the MIDÂ MI-005. The customer also stands to gain from the Entrained Gas Management functionality of the Coriolis meter in the event of BOG.
The Coriolis meter continues to measure even during start-up phase when vapour breakthrough occurs. In using the meter’s 2-phase-signal, the customer is able to identify the best point in time to start with CT measurement. In this way, the EGMTM functionality helps with reducing the cooling time and enabling a faster loading / unloading process.
The start / stop procedure of the truck-mounted CTÂ system can now be controlled by the 2-phase flow diagnostics of the OPTIMASSÂ 6400. As a result, the operator can save on costs as product loss during cooling can be limited. This in turn allows the operator to better meet the production quality criteria in the end.
The high accuracy meter for LNG and BOG is just one of several KROHNE instruments used by CETIL in many different applications
- Equipping a dispensing system for cryogenic fuels with a Coriolis mass flowmeter
- Continuous measurement and indication of 2-phase-flow in the event of boil-off-gas (BOG)
- Improved control of loading procedure, cooling time and product quality

Process Measurement Instruments – Flow, Temperature, Level & Pressure Measurement
KROHNE Flow Meters
Process Instrumentation for Industrial, Hazardous Area & Explosive Atmopheres
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
KROHNE flowmeters and measurement instruments provide accurate and reliable measurement of industrial liquids, gases and other media (including emulsions, corrosive liquids and gases) with a range of low/high flow rates.
KROHNE is a world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and explosive atmosphere process instrumentation – with over 30 worldwide approvals for hazardous area gas and dust Zones including ATEX, IECEx, usFMc, NEPSI, INMETRO, KGS, GOST-R and PESO/CCOE. The range of flowmeters manufactured by KROHNE incorporates multiple explosion proof and protection concepts – including IS (Intrinsically Safe) and Ex d (Flameproof) for flow measurement and metering in the hazardous area industries.

Flowmeters by KROHNE | the world-leading manufacturer and supplier of solutions in industrial and hazardous area process instrumentation: flow meters, level meters, temperature meters and pressure measurement.
Background
On production platforms, there are often different types of gases to be measured, in order to get exact definitions about production quantities and mixtures. The gases to be measured are Fuel gas and CH Mix gas. These measurements are done mainly in areas at risk from explosion.
Flow Measurement requirements
The deployed measuring devices must be able to measure gases with the following process parameters.
Process parameters
- Media: Fuel gas and CH Mix gas
- Nominal Volume flow: up to 25000Â Nm3/h (subject to change)
- Pressure: up to 5.2Â Bar (subject to change)
- Process density: Up to 6.9Â kg/m3Â (subject to change, the nominal density is constant)
- Viscosity: 0,018 mPa•s
- Product temperature: up to 93 °C
The composition of the gases remains constant while pressure and temperature can change. All devices must be protected against sea water through the use of a special paint. The devices must be manufactured in compliance with NACE and are supplied with a material quality certificate as well as pressure and hardener tests.
KROHNE Solution
For these applications, KROHNE delivers six OPTISWIRL 4070 C vortex gas flowmeters in an ex-protected version Ex-d ia (intrinsically safe). All devices have flange connections.
The installation sizes for Fuel gas are 2 × ½” and 2 × 1″, each in 300 lb and for CH Mix, in 6″ and 8″ also in 300 lb. The devices are equipped with pressure and temperature compensation.

Krohne Flowmeters
Customer benefits
As the customer has already deployed several measurement systems from KROHNE, the company was given the job of handling these measurement tasks. Because of the OPTISWIRLÂ 4070Â C wide measurement area range, the exact gas quantities can be recorded much more accurately.
The flow volumes are shown directly on-site in the required units, thanks to the integrated pressure and temperature compensation. The measuring devices are maintenance-free. Apart from the low investment costs, the simple installation of the compact 2-wire measuring device was a decisive factor for the operating company.
- Volume flow, temperature and pressure measurements with a measuring device
- Simple installation with 2-wire connection technology
- Problem-free replacement for previously deployed measuring devices